What is File System

File System, also abbreviated to fs, is a way to store, organize, and allocates the storage space of the device. It makes access and lookup data easier. 

With a file system, data that saved in a storage medium would be separated into different pieces. By giving each piece a name, the data can be easily isolated and identified. The group of data is called "File" and the structure and logic rules that are used to manage them and their names called "File System". When users create a file, it helps store, read, revise, and transfer files. 

There are many types of the disk file system. Also, the different operating system supports different file system. Here we'll focus on 4 types: FAT32, exFAT, NTFS, and APFSS. 

Simply put, FAT32 is less used now and it only supports individual files that are maximum of 4 GB. exFAT is like the upgrade of FAT32, working on both Windows and Mac. And it is mostly used in USB partition. NTFS is the most widely used format. It has better security and the file size can be up to 256TB. As for APFS, it is the file system of Apple computers and only works in macOS High Sierra or later.

References:

Wikipedia- File System

What's the Difference Between FAT32, exFAT, and NTFS